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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa If you're a fan of coffee you're likely aware that different beans can produce different flavors. Find out more about four of the most sought-after varieties: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica and Excelsa. Excelsa beans are a kind of Liberica that is grown exclusively in Southeast Asia. They have a tangier, more tart flavor and are often used in blends of coffee for added depth. Arabica Arabica coffee beans are responsible for 75% of all global production. Arabica beans are sweeter and less acidic than Robusta and come in various flavour profiles. The taste and aroma components of a coffee may vary greatly based on the climatic conditions and methods of processing used to make it. The word “coffee” is derived from the Arabic word for berry, and coffee beans are actually fruit seeds that are cultivated inside bright red berries. It is believed that ancient Ethiopian shepherds discovered that their goats were invigorated by eating these berries. The cultivation of coffee grew rapidly around the world. Coffee beans can be grown at higher altitudes and are capable of thriving in cold temperatures and plenty of rain. This is why Arabica coffee is considered to be the most delicious type of coffee. Many specialty coffee shops and roasters insist on using ethically-sourced arabica beans and focusing on fair pay for farmers and sustainable cultivation practices. These companies blend arabica beans to create unique signature coffees, which are suitable for many different brewing techniques. Blending can be used to control the flavour, aroma, body, and acidity of the coffee and is usually preferred to create an even and consistent taste that appeals to a larger market. Robusta Robusta beans (Coffea canephora) are the second most widely used type of coffee bean cultivated worldwide. They contain more caffeine per bean and are more protected against diseases and pests. They also contain higher levels of chlorogenic acids, which are naturally occurring antioxidants. However, these acids could cause oxidation in the coffee brewing process and may produce undesirable flavors. The plant itself is more durable than arabica, and can grow in less favorable climate conditions and at lower elevations. It is tolerant of warmer temperatures and thrives in direct sunlight. It produces more coffee per plant and grows more quickly than arabica. This makes it a efficient crop to grow. Although it might appear counterintuitive, Robusta beans are often blended with arabica to make coffee blends. If you see names such as Uganda or Kenya on the bag of coffee it's possible there is also some robusta. Most roasters use a mixture of arabica and coffee beans to cut costs while maintaining the quality. To ensure the quality of the flavor, it's crucial to select a high-quality beans from a source you are confident in. The best method to do this is to purchase your beans directly from the farmer. Liberica Liberica beans are more or less football-shaped, which makes them distinct from other types of coffee beans. They have a unique aroma that is floral and fruity with the smoky notes. They are often paired with other coffee bean varieties to create the fuller, more robust flavor. Liberica coffee beans are grown in West Africa and Malaysia (Borneo) as well as in Southeast Asia. They can be grown at low altitudes, and they can tolerate humid, hot climates. They also have a more resistant to diseases than Arabica and Robusta. These qualities make them perfect for home cultivation. On the internet, you can purchase the seeds from many sources. However, it is recommended to purchase the beans from local producers in order to guarantee quality. The best conditions for growing Liberica coffee plants include fertile deep volcanic soils with moderately acidic pH as well as adequate annual rainfall. Another type of coffee bean is Excelsa which was originally considered a separate species but was later re-classified to be a variant of Liberica. These coffee beans are elongated ovals that grow on 20-30 foot coffee plants at medium altitudes. bulk coffee beans coffeee.uk is sweet and tart, making them a popular option for house blends. They have a milder scent and a lower caffeine content that is less than Arabica or Robusta but they still possess a distinct depth of flavor. Excelsa Excelsa coffee beans aren't as widely used as Arabica and Robusta, despite being the fourth most popular. They were actually regarded as distinct species of coffee up until 2006, at which point they were classified as a synonym for Coffea Liberica var. dewevrei. They are produced in Southeast Asia today and account for 7 percent of the world's production of coffee. The coffee beans are shaped as a teardrop and possess a dark, mysterious taste. They're frequently used in blends to add body and a full tart, ripe fruit taste. Arabica beans are by far the most popular and are known for their sweeter taste. They thrive in tropical and warm environments and at high altitudes. They also have a bit of acidity. When roasted and brewed properly they may have notes of chocolate, nuts, or even fruit. Robusta is an extremely close second to Arabica and makes up around 40 percent of the world's coffee. Robusta beans are more round and smaller, yet they contain twice the amount of caffeine as Arabica. They are also more bitter than the other two types and have a woody, earthy taste. After you've learned about the four most common types, it's now time to select the best brew. If you're looking to enjoy a smooth soft, delicate flavor, go for an arabica or a blend of robusta and arabica beans.